打造完美Vue前端自适应布局：一文详解高效设计技巧

发布时间：2024-08-22 10:54:25

本文介绍了如何使用Vue.js实现高效且灵活的前端自适应布局，包括左右布局设计、上中下布局设计以及根据不同屏幕分辨率进行实时响应的方法。通过可拖动的分割线调整左右区域宽度、自适应表格填充剩余空间等技巧，确保了用户界面既美观又实用。无论是在桌面端还是移动端，都能提供一致且优质的用户体验。

实现内容

1. 左右布局设计

布局结构：页面分为左右两部分，左半部具有固定宽度，右半部则根据剩余空间自适应宽度。
可调节分割线：两部分之间有一条可拖动的分割线，允许用户手动调整左右两侧的宽度。
滚动条：左侧区域在内容高度或宽度超出时，自动显示相应的横向或纵向滚动条。

2. 上中下布局设计

固定区域：顶部的搜索条件区域固定高度为100px，中部上方的操作按钮区域固定高度30px，底部的分页区域高度也固定。
自适应表格：中间的表格内容区域占据剩余的高度，且当内容超出时，会自动显示垂直滚动条；当表格宽度超出时，显示水平滚动条。
可折叠搜索条件：通过点击按钮可以隐藏或显示顶部搜索条件区域的内容。隐藏时，表格内容区域的高度为页面总高度减去操作按钮和分页区域的高度；显示时，则还需额外减去搜索条件区域的高度。

3. 分辨率自适应

动态调整：页面加载时，自动计算并调整所有区域的高度和宽度，以适应不同的屏幕分辨率。
实时响应：随着窗口大小的变化，布局能够实时更新，确保良好的用户体验。

实现代码

vue2 版本代码

<template>
  <div class="app-container">
    <div class="left" :style="{ width: leftWidth + 'px' }">
      <div class="right-center-left">
        左边的内容，可以很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长<br />
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      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="divider" @mousedown="startDragging"></div>
    <div class="right">
      <div v-if="showDiv1" class="div1">查询条件</div>
      <div class="div2">
        <button @click="toggleDiv1">操作按钮 div1</button>
      </div>
      <div class="div3" :style="{ height: div3Height + 'px' }">
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      </div>
      <div class="div4">分页</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  name: "AppContainer",
  data() {
    return {
      isDragging: false,
      leftWidth: 200,
      showDiv1: true
    };
  },
  computed: {
    div3Height() {
      const totalHeight = window.innerHeight;
      const div2Height = 30;
      const div4Height = 30;
      const div1Height = this.showDiv1 ? 100 : 0;

      // 计算 div3 的高度
      return totalHeight - div2Height - div4Height - div1Height;
    }
  },
  methods: {
    startDragging(e) {
      this.isDragging = true;
      document.addEventListener("mousemove", this.onDrag);
      document.addEventListener("mouseup", this.stopDragging);
    },
    onDrag(e) {
      if (this.isDragging) {
        const minWidth = 50;
        const maxWidth = window.innerWidth - 50;
        const newLeftWidth = e.clientX;

        if (newLeftWidth > minWidth && newLeftWidth < maxWidth) {
          this.leftWidth = newLeftWidth;
        }
      }
    },
    stopDragging() {
      this.isDragging = false;
      document.removeEventListener("mousemove", this.onDrag);
      document.removeEventListener("mouseup", this.stopDragging);
    },
    toggleDiv1() {
      this.showDiv1 = !this.showDiv1;
    }
  }
};
</script>

<style scoped>
.app-container {
  display: flex;
  height: 100vh;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.left {
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: auto;
  white-space: nowrap;
  min-width: 90px;
}

.divider {
  width: 5px;
  cursor: ew-resize;
  background-color: #ccc;
}

.right {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100%;
  flex: 1; /* 自动填满剩余宽度 */
}

.div1 {
  height: 100px;
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

.div2 {
  height: 30px;
  background-color: #ddd;
}

.div3 {
  overflow-x: auto; /* 添加横向滚动条 */
  overflow-y: auto; /* 添加纵向滚动条 */
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
}

.div4 {
  height: 200px;
  background-color: #ccc;
}
</style>

vue3 版本代码

<template>
  <div class="app-container">
    <div class="left" :style="{ width: leftWidth + 'px' }">
      左边的内容，可以很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长很长<br />
      1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />
      1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />
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    </div>
    <div class="divider" @mousedown="startDragging"></div>
    <div class="right">
      <div v-if="showQueryDiv" class="right-query">搜索条件</div>
      <div class="right-button">
        <div class="right-button-left">操作按钮</div>
        <div class="right-button-right">
          <button @click="toggleQueryDiv">隐藏/展示 搜索条件</button>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="right-table" :style="{ height: tableHeight + 'px' }">
        表格内容<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />1<br />
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      </div>
      <div class="right-page">分页内容</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { ref, computed, onMounted, onUnmounted } from 'vue';

export default {
  name: "AppContainer",
  setup() {
    const isDragging = ref(false);
    const leftWidth = ref(200);
    const showQueryDiv = ref(true);

    const tableHeight = computed(() => {
      const totalHeight = window.innerHeight;
      const buttonHeight = 30;
      const pageHeight = 30;
      const queryHeight = showQueryDiv.value ? 100 : 0;
      return totalHeight - buttonHeight - pageHeight - queryHeight;
    });

    const startDragging = (e) => {
      isDragging.value = true;
      document.addEventListener("mousemove", onDrag);
      document.addEventListener("mouseup", stopDragging);
    };

    const onDrag = (e) => {
      if (isDragging.value) {
        const minWidth = 50;
        const maxWidth = window.innerWidth - 50;
        const newLeftWidth = e.clientX;
        if (newLeftWidth > minWidth && newLeftWidth < maxWidth) {
          leftWidth.value = newLeftWidth;
        }
      }
    };

    const stopDragging = () => {
      isDragging.value = false;
      document.removeEventListener("mousemove", onDrag);
      document.removeEventListener("mouseup", stopDragging);
    };

    const toggleQueryDiv = () => {
      showQueryDiv.value = !showQueryDiv.value;
    };

    onMounted(() => {
      window.addEventListener("resize", onDrag);
    });

    onUnmounted(() => {
      window.removeEventListener("resize", onDrag);
    });

    return {
      leftWidth,
      showQueryDiv,
      tableHeight,
      startDragging,
      toggleQueryDiv
    };
  }
};
</script>

<style scoped>
.app-container {
  display: flex;
  height: 100vh;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.left {
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: auto;
  white-space: nowrap;
  min-width: 90px;
}

.divider {
  width: 5px;
  cursor: ew-resize;
  background-color: #ccc;
}

.right {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100%;
  flex: 1; /* 自动填满剩余宽度 */
}

.right-query {
  height: 100px;
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

.right-button {
  height: 30px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between; /* 左右对齐内容 */
  align-items: center; /* 垂直居中对齐 */
  background-color: #ddd;
}

.right-button-left {
  margin-left: 5px;
  text-align: left;
}

.right-button-right {
  margin-right: 5px;
  text-align: right;
}

.right-table {
  overflow-x: auto; /* 添加横向滚动条 */
  overflow-y: auto; /* 添加纵向滚动条 */
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
}

.right-page {
  height: 200px;
  background-color: #ccc;
}
</style>

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打造完美Vue前端自适应布局：一文详解高效设计技巧

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